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A cold open (also called a teaser) in a television program or movie is the technique of jumping directly into a story at the beginning or opening of the show before the title sequence or opening credits are shown. On television, this is often done on the theory that involving the audience in the plot as soon as possible will reduce the likelihood of their switching away from a show during the opening commercial. The cold open technique is sometimes used in movies. There, "cold opening" still refers to the opening moments or scenes, but not necessarily to the full duration before the title card, as the title card might appear well after the cold open has been achieved. ==Development (1960s–1990s)== In the early 1960s, few American series used cold opens, and half-hour situation comedies almost never made use of them prior to 1965. Many American series that ran from the early 1960s through the middle years of the decade (even sitcoms) adopted cold opens in later seasons; for example, ''Gilligan's Island'' did not use cold opens during its first two seasons, but did use them in its third and final year (1966–67). They were used on some seasons of ''Mission: Impossible'', likewise with ''Hawaii Five-O''. Many other long-running TV series used cold opens, similar patterns can be seen with sitcoms, including ''Bewitched'' and ''The Beverly Hillbillies''. Cold opens became widespread on television by the mid-1960s. Their use was an economical way of setting up a plot without having to introduce the regular characters, or even the series synopsis, which would typically be outlined in the title sequence itself. ''The Man from U.N.C.L.E.'' (1964–68) and ''Star Trek'' (1966–69) are examples in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the format was usually utilized only in series destined for the American market, such as ''The Avengers'' (1961–69) and ''The Saint'' (1962–69). Toying with many television conventions, ''Monty Python's Flying Circus'' (1969–74) played around with the concept of cold opens. Sometimes an entire episode aired before the starting credits. Two instances had no opening credits at all: "The Cycling Tour" shows a brief title card with the episode's title before becoming the first episode to have a full-length story, and "The Golden Age of Ballooning" (the first episode of season four) has no titles because Terry Gilliam had not finished the new opening sequence. British producer Lew Grade's many attempts to break into the American market meant that various shows he was involved with incorporated the cold open, such as ''The Persuaders!'' (1971) and ''Space: 1999'' (season one only, 1975). Later, many British action-adventure series employed the format, such as ''The New Avengers'' (1976–77) and ''The Professionals'' (1977–81). During the 1960s and 1970s, daytime soap operas became the main user of cold opens, with most American soaps employing the format. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, some shows began with highlights from the previous episode. In the 1970s and 1980s, many traditional multi-camera sitcoms usually launched straight into the opening theme song, although this has changed in modern use. The popular long-running sitcom "Cheers" in the 1980s & 1990s always had a short scene before the title sequence which usually didn't relate to the main theme of the episode. Documentaries do not use cold openings as frequently as fictional shows. ''The World at War'' (1973–74) is one famous exception, where in a few short minutes an especially poignant moment is featured; after the title sequence, the events that explain the episode are outlined more fully. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cold open」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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